I said back along that I was going to create this thread so now I am. Please only reply with good quality answers as hopefully this threasd will make the advanced lore forum.
You may bring other groups/individuals into consideration but on the whole please stick to Morgoth vs Sauon and Absolute Evil.
Morgoth vs Sauron - who was more evil and the concept and wholly evil.
I will start with the Number 1 quote for Sauron being more evil:
"In my story I do not deal in Absolute Evil. I do not think there is such a thing, since that is Zero. I do not think that at any rate any 'rational being' is wholly evil. Satan fell. In my myth Morgoth fell before Creation of the physical world. In my story Sauron represents as near an approach to the wholly evil will as is possible."(letter 183?)
I have highlighted the parts of importance, which is essentially the whole quote. Now you may be wondering how can there be any argument against Sauron now. Well here it is:
He was aware, at any rate originally when he wascapable of rational thought, that he could not annhialate them {Elves and Men]..."(Morgoth’s Ring, 395) - This was sheer nihilism, and negation its ultimate object...Sauron had never reached this stage of nihilistic madness". (Morgoths ring)
So there we see a rebut.
Let me explain:
Sauron is as evil as any rational being can get. But the second quote clearly tells us that Morgoth was not capable of any Rational thought of any kind by the end of his reign. Therefore Ther are two options:
Morgoth is wholly evil, but becuase of "In my story I do not deal in Absolute Evil", this is not possible.
The second possibility is that Morgoth was eviler than Sauron but not wholly evil. For example -
No rational being can be eviler than Sauron = 4/5 (5 being wholly evil). Melkor being irrationalcan be eviler than sauron but still not absolute evil = 4.9/5
I will bring in more quotes later on once I have heard your views.
Firstly, Melkor cannot be wholly evil since Tolkien does not even believe in that notion. "I do not think there is such a thing, since that is Zero." But you already pointed that out (though in another way), so that's good and covered.
How can you say that Melkor was closer to absolute evil though when Tolkien clearly states that he is as close as there is? He does not say that Sauron is the closest rational being, but the closest being out of all.
"In my story Sauron represents as near an approach to the wholly evil will as is possible."
There is no mention of rational or irrational in that sentence. Sauron stands alone as the most evil being, even moreso than Melkor. And it comes straight from Tolkien's own words.
Couple of points - Firstly this quote could be talking about Lord of the Rings, as Tolkien says 'In my story', as opposed to his entire world which he uses the word 'Myth' for - 'In my myth morgoth...' This means that if this sentence was talking about his whole world he probably would have used 'Myth' instead of 'Story', refering to a single story.
Secondly:
"In my story Sauron represents as near an approach to the wholly evil will as is possible."
Tolkien did not need to say 'as near an appraoch as to any rational being can get' becuase he has already said that in this sentence:
I do not think that at any rate any 'rational being' is wholly evil.
As we have agreed, Melkor cannot be wholly evil since that does not exist in Tolkiens eyes, irrational or not. However he does state that no Rational being is wholly evil, but this sentence:
He was aware, at any rate originally when he wascapable of rational thought, that he could not annhialate them {Elves and Men]..."
Clearly states that Melkor is irrational, so Morgoth could be eviler than Sauron becuase Sauron is only as evil as Rational beings get, whilst not being wholly evil.
-- Edited by mouthofsauron111 at 22:31, 2006-05-20
" * [marginal note] All rational minds / spirits deriving from Eru are 'equal' - in order and status - though not necessarily 'coëval' or of like original power." (Morgoth's Ring, Myths Transformed)
Melkor derived from Eru, no? He was one of the Ainur, products of Eru's thoughts, and so yes he was. Therefore, he was a rational being.
There are a number of cases where words take on different meanings in Tolkien's works. This is an example of that. You cannot go into a dictionary and pick out this definition since it means something specifically related to Tolkien's legendarium.
He was originally rational yes Narguzir, but through power and Might he he grew to be an irrational tyrant. Are you desputing that the quote I provided, says he was not capable of rational thought at the latter part of his reign?
Would you like me to get another quote, one that does not directly say he was irrational like this one does, but a good one all the same?
I have seen this point presented on the Plaza and i thought it was inadequate then let alone now.
If you cannot see that this quote:
He was aware, at any rate originally when he wascapable of rational thought, that he could not annhialate them {Elves and Men]..."
is stating that Morgoth was Irrational when he was not capable of rational thought, at the latter part of his reign, then the discussion is ended. There is a clear cut distinction between both. The quote states that Morgoth was not capable of rational thought - thus making him irrational at the end of his reign.
I am not objecting to the fact that Melkor was incapable of rational thought, but that means nothing. The fact still stands that is IS a rational being.
So judging by that post you are saying that nobody is irrational? Phycos, mental people are all completely sane and know what there doing? I am afraid are views differ Narg. My fifth post is my personal view on your statement Narguzir.
Melkor was a rational being, yes, despite being capable of rational thought since being a rational being in Tolkien's world did not require being capable of rational thought.
Well then, we have completely conflicting views Narg, if someone is not capable of rational thought, then they are Irrational. Simple as that in Tolkiens eyes, and indeed anybodies eyes, except yours apparently. When did Tolkien say that if you were only capable of irrational thoughts you were still a rational being????
He doesn't. Narguzir you are not making any sence.
Anyway i will continue the discussion with you Mos111 even though I agree whole wholly with you. This may be a good quote:
"Hence his endeaver always to break wills and subordinate them to or absorb them into his own will and being, before destroying their bodies. This was sheer negation and its one ultimate object: Morogth would no doubt, if he had been victorious, have ultimately destroyed even his own 'creatures', such as the orcs, when they had served his sole purpose in using them, the destruction of Elves and Men...Melkor could do nothing with arda, which was not from his own mind and was interwoven with the works and thoughts of others: even left alone he could only have gone raging on till all was levelled again into a formless chaos". Morgoths ring.
Now this quote says that Melkor was willing to detory all life, including his own servants, once they had forfilled they duty in destroying Elves and Men. Then he would, once he was all alone, continue to mar all the works of the other Valar until it was back into a formless chaos. What was the point of this you may ask? The answer is:
To utterly rebel against Erus design. This is much more evil than Saurons desire to have dominion over middle-earth.
Another quote:
"Melkor, originally the most powerful of the Valar, had become a rebel, against his brethren and against Eru, and was the prime Spirit of Evil."(Ibid, 330)
Note the 'Prime Spirit of Evil' and 'Rebel of Eru'. Sasuron is not ever classified as either.
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Utúlie'n aurë! Aiya Eldalië ar Atanatári, utúlie'n aurë! Auta i lómë! Aurë entuluva!
...if someone is not capable of rational thought, then they are Irrational. Simple as that in Tolkiens eyes...
Uh, no. Are you purposely ignoring what I've said before, or are you blind?
" * [marginal note] All rational minds / spirits deriving from Eru are 'equal' - in order and status - though not necessarily 'coëval' or of like original power." (Morgoth's Ring, Myths Transformed)
There. Right there. Read that quote.
That quote (did you read it yet?) says that Tolkien thought of "rational minds" (or "rational beings") as those spirits deriving from Eru. Melkor, being an Ainur, is a rational mind. And since that is a state of being, not an ability, then he is always a rational being.
It has nothing at all to do with the definition of "rational" that you are thinking about. Throw that away and focus on this. This is different.
If you still do not see what I am talking about after this, after so many attempts to get you to understand this most basic idea, then I am afraid that I do not know if I can continue participating here. This has been two topics in which I have struggled to get you people to understand the simplest notions, and you refuse to listen! How can we have a discussion if you ignore what I am saying to you? This attitude is indeed a big turn off for me here on TF.
Yes I have read the quote. To me it says that all beings are rational that derive from Eru's mind. Agreed? Melkor originated from Eru's mind agreed? But that quote does not say that beings, who originated from Eru's mind, are not capable of later turing irrational, unless I have misread the latter part of it?
Addmitedly I was a bit persistant with the realm of Morgoth thread, but I need more time to find a suitable quote, and in the end I did. If you are not capable of debating with Tolkien enthusiasts, then what can i do?
"...rational minds / spirits deriving from Eru..."
The statements are on par; one is equal to the other. Therefore, all spirits deriving from Eru are rational beings. Rational being = being derived from Eru.
Forget the irrational. You are using it in the wrong sense. You are using the "Not endowed with reason." definition, correct? At least that's what I gathered from the psychopath and mentally handicaped remark a little while ago. That's not what we're talking about here. In this case, an irrational being would be a boar or a deer--something not derived directly from Eru (from Yavanna in this case).
So to recap, Melkor = Ainur = derived directly from Eru = rational = cannot be changed.
I have agreed with all you say. All beings derived from Eru are rational. But where does it say that beings cannot turn irrational later on? If you can quote that then i step down on that point, but there still are a number of other points for you to flaw before we can even accept Sauron as equal to Melkors evil.
Narg - i don't want to argue with you, I am just trying to challenge you. I pay as deep as respect for you as The might, but I use it in a different way, i try to challenge you rather than flatly agree with whatever you say. I see no problem in this? Surely its more fun for you?
How can someone suddenly become irrational if that would completely change what they are? Read over what I said was the definition for "irrational" in this context, and come up with a way that Melkor could possibly be classified as irrational. Please. I would be very grateful if you could do that.
Morgoth grew in contemp for all things that live save himslef, he grew to envy and loathe Erus works and all other beings. He put forth power into the destruction of the world and the Valar and stopped at nothing to accomplish his goal.
"Hence his endeaver always to break wills and subordinate them to or absorb them into his own will and being, before destroying their bodies. This was sheer negation and its one ultimate object: Morogth would no doubt, if he had been victorious, have ultimately destroyed even his own 'creatures', such as the orcs, when they had served his sole purpose in using them, the destruction of Elves and Men...Melkor could do nothing with arda, which was not from his own mind and was interwoven with the works and thoughts of others: even left alone he could only have gone raging on till all was levelled again into a formless chaos". Morgoths ring.
If you think this desire is that of a rational being you are sadly mistaken.
Very well Narguzir. I don't know why you have finished (too heated and not enough evidence to support your theory) but see you. Nice debating with you.
-- Edited by mouthofsauron111 at 22:28, 2006-05-21
Narguzir - You always go on to me and Mos111 about admitting your wrong when you are, so why can't you do the same? mos111 has already said that if you can quote something that says no being can ever turn irrational he will step down on that front. Your quote only states that no being is irrational to begin with, nothing more.
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Utúlie'n aurë! Aiya Eldalië ar Atanatári, utúlie'n aurë! Auta i lómë! Aurë entuluva!
I state only one quote because that one quote is all that's needed. Like I said, look at it, plus my many explanations of it and the meaning of rational/irrational, and tell me how Melkor can possibly be irrational. I'm not asking for quotes here, since a discussion is not simply throwing quotes back and forth. I'm asking for a logical explanation, that's all. What I'm asking you to do is to use your brain.
How can Melkor become irrational? It's impossible. To become irrational, he would have to go back in time and change his origin, ultimately changing who he is entirely or (more likely) eliminating him from existence. If to be rational is to be derived from Eru, then how can Melkor suddenly become not derived from Eru (irrational--the opposite of rational)?
* [marginal note] All rational minds / spirits deriving from Eru are 'equal' - in order and status - though not necessarily 'coëval' or of like original power." (Morgoth's Ring, Myths Transformed)
It is clear from this quote that all beings are originally irrational the derive from Eru.
He was aware, at any rate originally when he wascapable of rational thought, that he could not annhialate them {Elves and Men]..."
However it is clear that beings can Turn irrational later on.
You are looking at your quote the wrong way round Narg. Your quote says that all being are rational that derive from Eru - there is no mention that that being has to stay rational forever. And its clear that your quote only means originally becuase my quote shows that beings, Melkor for instance, can turn irrational later on.
You are using your quote to simply overide the logic in my quote. You have not stopped to think that it means that all beings are originally rational, but not forever.
I'm not taking things personally. It is annoying when I've answered the same question numerous times, but I'm not taking anything personally on my part. But why not take it seriously? Is it not a serious topic of interest for those involved? If it is not, then why discuss it?
mos111 -- Why can he not turn irrational? Again, I've answered this before. Look at my second-last post in this thread (third-last with this post, I suppose), and it's explained right there.
Your example is flawed as well. In the first part you speak about evil: a characteristic, an attribute. Rationality and irrationality in this case are not something like that. They are a state of being--one that remains constant. Can you not see the difference?
I can see the difference but what your asking me to do is whole-heartily agree with your quote whilst my quote states the complete opposite and I should just ignore it!
"Not capable of Rational thought", only means one thing in my view.
Another quote for you (the first part is used above, the rest is all new):
"Hence his endeavour always to break wills and subordinate them to or absorb them into his own will and being, before destroying their bodies. This was sheer nihilism, and negation its one ultimate object: Morgoth would no doubt, if he had been victorious, have ultimately destroyed even his own 'creatures', such as the Orcs, when they had served his sole purpose in using them: the destruction of Elves and Men. Melkor's final impotence and despair lay in this: that whereas the Valar (and in their degree Elves and Men) could still love 'Arda Marred', that is Arda with a Melkor-ingredient, and could still heal this or that hurt, or produce from its very marring, from its state as it was, things beautiful and lovely, Melkor could do nothing with Arda, which was not from his own mind and was interwoven with the work and thoughts of others: even left alone he could only have gone raging on till all was levelled again into a formless chaos. And yet even so he would have been defeated, because it would still have 'existed', independent of his own mind, and a world in potential.
Sauron had never reached this stage of nihilistic madness. He did not object to the existence of the world, so long as he could do what he liked with it.He still had the relics of positive purposes, that descended from the good of the nature in which he began: it had been his virtue (and therefore also the cause of his fall, and of his relapse) that he loved order and co- ordination, and disliked all confusion and wasteful friction. (It was the apparent will and power of Melkor to effect his designs quickly and masterfully that had first attracted Sauron to him.)" (Morgoth's Ring)
Lets put aside the part about 'Rational and irrational' above and talk about this quote shall we?
Excellent quote there Mos111. I particularlly heed the part that says - "He still had the relics of positive purposes..." - refering to Sauron, thus refering that Morgoth has none.
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Utúlie'n aurë! Aiya Eldalië ar Atanatári, utúlie'n aurë! Auta i lómë! Aurë entuluva!
I'm reading through this thread and am wondering a lot what you are trying to get at. First of all
" * [marginal note] All rational minds / spirits deriving from Eru are 'equal' - in order and status - though not necessarily 'coëval' or of like original power." (Morgoth's Ring, Myths Transformed)
this and many other quotes tell us that all the Ainur were equal in order and status. Therefor it does not make any sence to try and see whether Melkor is more evil then Sauron... a better question is to ask first whether Melkor was evil in the first place. Inside the world of Arda the Valar are nothing more then powers, in origin they are all derived from Eru's mind. They do have there own way of going, but does this mean that Melkor is wrong? Does this mean he is evil? Maybe the other Valar are evil also? In the end they are nothing more then a small mindgame by Eru and rational or irrational (whatever you wish)... it is a useless discussion. Secondly, how can you compare evil with evil... if we accept the fact that the different behaviour of Melkor and Sauron versus the other powers and people is evil... Melkor has done many wrongs and maybe his biggest evil is Sauron, but he was contesting the powers. Sauron did many evil things, but he was contesting the children of Illuvatar. How can you compare evil with evil?
By your reckoning then Beren all Ainur are of the same power, evilness/goodness, Strength etc?
So Tulkas was not the best wrestler, Eonwe was no stronget in might of arms and Melkor was not the powerfullest of the Valar?
"Then hate overcame Fëanor's fear, and he cursed Melkor and bade him be gone, saying: 'Get thee gone from my gate, thou jail-crow of Mandos!' And he shut the doors of his house in the face of the mightiest of all the dwellers in Eä." (The silmarillion)
So to your reckoning these quote are utterly faulse? If Melkor can be the most powerful he can be the evilest as well.
"Chief among the Maiar of Valinor whose names are remembered in the histories of the Elder Days are Ilmarë, the handmaid of Varda, and Eönwë, the banner-bearer and herald of Manwë, whose might in arms is surpassed by none in Arda." (The silmarillion)
Tolkien defines that anything against the will of Eru is evil. So by this following quote we can assume that melkor is both evil and the evilest of all:
"Melkor, originally the most powerful of the Valar,(4) had become a rebel, against his brethren and against Eru, and was the prime Spirit of Evil."(Morgoths ring)
I think you misunderstand me in many ways, but this is not a problem... i'm glad you reply.
There are differences indeed between every ainur, maiar, etc. Ofcourse there are! BUT, in the end they are all nothing more then a part of Eru's mind. Thus this makes Melkor his evil side... or better Eru's evil side. In the end he cannot be AGAINST Eru as you call it, since he is a part of Eru after all. He is different of course from the others...
we can read a lot about differences, the one is more mighty, the other is wisest, etc.
What i was trying to say is this. How can you compare evil with evil? Same for can you compare love with love? Who of the Valar did the best work? All these questions are bound to get no answer in the end, because it is a philosophical question and will not give you any possible answer in the end. But i like the idea to find out anyways and go and see what is written about the subject... surely you must find a lot of pharagraphs which talk only about this subject. Nice to have them all in one thread. But i stick with the idea that one cannot measure evilness, or compare evilness. In my eyes even the Ainur are not free from evil themselves, and even they have some strange ways of handling. Good and evil... it all depends on the way of viewing; especially in Tolkien's work The Silmarillion. If we could answer your question, we would probably all understand The Silmarillion for what it truly means deep inside... but i guess we will never be sure in the end.
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