If you cannot compare evil with evil how do you explain this?:
"Melkor, originally the most powerful of the Valar,(4) had become a rebel, against his brethren and against Eru, and was the prime Spirit of Evil."(Morgoths ring)
Melkor was the Prime spirit of evil - he was Evil's Origin, Source, climax, everything to do with evil he is the Prime of.
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Utúlie'n aurë! Aiya Eldalië ar Atanatári, utúlie'n aurë! Auta i lómë! Aurë entuluva!
The answer is not in your quote... it is not because you are the Prime Spirit of Evil that afterwards no one can be even more evil. You see, i'm not trying to discourage you or even prevent you from trying to figure out an answer. The question of evil versus evil is mainly a philosophical one and cannot be answered by using any exact science... evil versus evil also is very subjective if you take in account which side you are on or what viewpoint you are taking. If you will have an answer ready it must be about 10 pages long, mentioning every possible viewpoint and start of with a perfect definition of what 'evil' is in the first place.
If you want to be serious about making this article work, then first make the definition of what evil is within the world of Arda. But never forget that in the world of Arda all the Valar are nothing more then ofspring of the mind of Eru, so in origin a part of him. Evil then has a complete different dimention, because Eru created the children (elves and men) but also created Melkor... so it gets rather tricky to find a clear answer. And once you start you will soon end up into philosophy or even higher up into religion...
Beren - We know what the definition of evil is already in Tolkiens eyes. If you Rebel against the will of Eru then you are doing an evil. I could find the quote somewhere but i am sure you know this already. There is no need to divulge into an essay when we have a clear one sentence answer.
I know the quote (not out of my head, and my collection is at home and i'm at my office), but even there you must admit that 'against the will of Eru' is tricky, when you think about the fact that all the Ainur are nothing more then a part of Eru. How can a part of Eru be against the will of Eru?
Well according to Tolkien, even if you try to preserve the world in any way (conservation) you are doing an evil act. You are trying to delay the Purposes Eru has planted.
So I suppose at least you agree that Morgoth was evil at the least?
I do not doubt that... knowing a bit about Tolkien... that he is the evil one from the books. And probably the core of evil. But i'm not trying to say you are false about it. Just trying to explain why i think this is more a philosophical question then a fact question. Still, i like the study (since we discuss now for so long it must be).
I'll keep an eye on this topic and will try and track down some elements for you. But you will see that i will ever think it a tricky study.
I won't deny that its very indepth. This is why its in the 'Experienced forum'. I was thinking of putting it in the 'Analytical forum' but didn't. I hoped I would have a good discussion here, but until you've come along I was denied it.
It reminds me about a discussion i had one day where someone was stating that Melkor was not evil, but just had a different opinion. For sure that discussion was easier then this one. I'll try and get some serious quotes for you on the subject!
I'll crash into this with a matter probably having been discussed. Although Morgoth feigned repentance upon his unchaining, he never gave up his plans altogether. While we have Sauron who is said to have been honestly considering to quit his war and that he would have had it not required return to Valimar in shame, hence he was proud. I think Sauron was a lesser villain.
Yes. Morgoth only pretended to plea for pardon in front of the Valar. We know this becuase what did he do as soon as he was sent out? Cause lies amoungst the Eldar in Valinor and then smite the Tree's of Light.
Sauron we know truly repented for his evil after the downfall of Morgoth but would not go with Eonwe to Valinor out of shame..
I fully agree with Narg on this subject. Let's take all these quotes here. First this one: "I do not think at any rate that any 'rational being' is wholly evil."
So, according to Tolkien what is a rational being: All rational minds / spirits deriving from Eru are 'equal' - in order and status - though not necessarily 'coëval' or of like original power."
This means that Morgoth is a rational being, just like Sauron, just like the rest of the Ainur, therefor they can not be wholly evil.
mos, you're trying to use this quote to show that Morgoth was irrational therefor is more evil than Sauron: He was aware, at any rate originally when he wascapable of rational thought, that he could not annhialate them {Elves and Men] This has nothing to do with rational beings. A rational being does not have to be capable of rational thought. Just because Morgoth became incapable of "rational thought" does not mean that he wasn't a "rational being." A rational being, according to Tolkien, has nothing to do with the "inability to think rationally," but beings that come from Eru.
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I am Lórien, Lord of Dreams, my true name is 'Irmo' in Quenya.
So you think Morgoth is no more irrational than Sauron? Here is a quote:
"This was sheer nihilism, and negation its ultimate object...Sauron hadnever reached this stage of nihilisticmadness".
So This proves that Sauron had not reached the destructive madness Morgoth had. He was not as Irrational in simple terms.
All rational minds / spirits deriving from Eru are 'equal' - in order and status - though not necessarily 'coëval' or of like original power." - WHERE does it say here that no being can ever TURN irrational??? It merely staes that all beings are rational originally if the derive from Eru.
"In my story I do not deal in Absolute Evil. I do not think there is such a thing, since that is Zero. I do not think that at any rate any 'rational being' is wholly evil. Satan fell. In my myth Morgoth fell before Creation of the physical world. In my story Sauron represents as near an approach to the wholly evil will as is possible."
Another point - 'Morgoth fell before the creation of the Phisical World'. This would imply that Tolkien is only comparing Sauron to beings in the phisical world.
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Utúlie'n aurë! Aiya Eldalië ar Atanatári, utúlie'n aurë! Auta i lómë! Aurë entuluva!
Do NOT tell me thatI am the one twisting things out of context.
The quote that you keep sticking to--the one that says that Melkor became incapable of rational thought--uses the world rational in a DIFFERENT SENSE than than the one used in both the Letters quote and the Morgoth's Ring quote that I provided.
Lord Lorien said it nicely here:
Lord Lorien wrote:
mos, you're trying to use this quote to show that Morgoth was irrational therefor is more evil than Sauron: He was aware, at any rate originally when he was capable of rational thought , that he could not annhialate them {Elves and Men] This has nothing to do with rational beings. A rational being does not have to be capable of rational thought. Just because Morgoth became incapable of "rational thought" does not mean that he wasn't a "rational being." A rational being, according to Tolkien, has nothing to do with the "inability to think rationally," but beings that come from Eru.
hmmm...changing state of being sounds complex I mean...can we actually consider the state of being in Arda just as in our world unfortunately I doubt that Tolkien ever said a lot about that
As Narg said you are thinking that a rational thought and rational being influence eachother. Therefor, if someone is incapable of rational thought they must be an irrational being. And this is no the case.
Rational being simply means someone existing/living that was created by a being who was rational...~Oxford English Dictionary So, in Tolkien's case, Eru was "rational" and everything that comes from him is a rational being.
Rational thought is the ability to think with reason or logic. (OED) Morgoth lost his rational thought, but that does not change his state of being, as Narg points out. He was still a rational being because he was still from Eru.
I'll take an example of Orcs. A lot of people think Orcs are irreedemable, they are puppets and are just bred for spite and hate. But even Tolkien points out that Orcs are not beyond redemption because they are part of the world, and being part of the world that is God's (or Eru's) good:
They would be Morgoth’s greatest Sins, abuses of his highest privilege, and would be creatures begotten of Sin, and naturally bad (I nearly wrote ’irredeemably bad’; but that would be going too far. Because by accepting or tolerating their making - necessary to their actual existence - even Orcs would become part of the World, which is God’s and ultimatly good.)~Letter #153
Orcs were bred by Morgoth and bred to be naturally bad. It's like a parent that only teaches from the moment their child is born hatred, spite, and wickedness, and the child hears nothing else but this. The child does not hear the other side, the kindess, and to be nice, but is bred and trained to be cruel and full of hate. Who's to blame for the child knowing nothing else but hatred, because they learned nothing else?
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I am Lórien, Lord of Dreams, my true name is 'Irmo' in Quenya.
First point - I have always known that a being who cannot think rationally is Irrational. Nothing you say will change that view and clearly the other way around.
Second point - I am not sure where Orcs come into it Boromir. Where do they tie in with all this?
now I am not meaning to in any way interrupt the discussion or disturb the people discussing here maybe it would be good if a moderator could perhaps clear out the situation here after all, I thought mods are good at lore and also are able to explain stuff better
first point- Or your interpretation of rational being and rational thought are skewed, which has been shown. I agree with Narg in this discussion isn't going to go anywhere anymore. No matter how much we try to explain that rational being and rational thought are two seperate things, obviously you're not going to change, so there's no more sense in us going around in circles.
second point- 1) They were producers of Sin and naturally bad, so Tolkien contemplated making them irredeemable, but he decided not to. And he decided not to because they would become part of "the World," The World is God's, therefor it is good.
2) This means that no one is beyond redemption in Tolkien's mind. And I was using Orcs as an example to show this and that he contemplated making Orcs irredeemable. But, if he did this he would have to tolerate the way they were made, which Orcs actually needed to be able to exist.
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I am Lórien, Lord of Dreams, my true name is 'Irmo' in Quenya.
Lord Lorien- Orcs are part of the World yes. There Fea is the Flame Imperishable and there Hroa is Arda itself. Melkor is not PART of the world though - he is simply in it, not made out of it. I see no redemption for Melkor, Sauron perhaps.
everything because seems none of the sides is really understanding the others. now I am not taking sides here, so I am not gonna nominate anyone. so I thought that the wise moderators could maybe help with the solving of this thread
mos, obviously Tolkien did not like the idea that some one was beyond redemption: I nearly wrote ’irredeemably bad’; but that would be going too far. So, in Tolkien's mind, something irredeemable is "going too far."
Also: Then Iluvatar said to them: "Of the theme that I have declared to you, I will now that ye make in harmony together a Great Music. And since I have kindled you with the Flame Imperishable, ye shall show forth your powers in adorning this theme,...~The Music of the Ainur
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I am Lórien, Lord of Dreams, my true name is 'Irmo' in Quenya.
TM: I (and Lord Lorien as well, I am assuming) understand exactly what Mos is trying to explain. He is wrong, however, and that is backed up with quotes and proof. Lord Lorien and I are attempting to show that to Mos, but he is not listening/understanding.
Narguzir - posts like that are contributing nothing.
Boromir - Melkor is kindled with the Flame imperishable yes, but he is not OF arda itself unlike the Children of Iluvatar. There bodies are made out of Arda, Melkor's is not, thus making him not Arda itself (not OF the world).
"To gain domination over Arda, Morgoth had let most of his being pass into the physical constituents of the Earth - hence all things that were born on Earth and lived on and by it, beasts or plants or incarnate spirits, were liable to be 'stained'." (Morgoth's Ring, Myths Transformed)
hmm...this is what I was talking about now again I don't wanna take sides but I do think that a little more understanding for the other side would help here. now I personally find the thread interesting though I am not engaged in it, and I think it would be a pity that it would have no result in the end and simply get a "the thread is closed sign" it is clearly not a debate thread and one side is at least in my opinion correct anyway, I think it would be useful it you could be so kind as to agree to reach a common answer for the question as that could be useful for other threads, and also it would clear up that problem for other members such as I as well.
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